From Wikipedia: (from the Greek κάθαρσις katharsis meaning "purification" or "cleansing") is the purification and purgation of emotions—especially pity and fear—through art or any extreme change in emotion that results in renewal and restoration.
Originating with the theatre, the idea was that a performance would draw an extreme emotional reaction from audience members through their vicarious participation in a tragic story. In this way they could experience situations and feelings they might not otherwise recognize, instilling gratitude for their own lives and compassion for and desire to improve the lives of others (or at least not contribute to suffering).
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